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Flue gas treatment as a means of industrial heat recovery
Category : Resume Published on12/02/2025
Activity : Études pour les adhérents
Description :
Energy recovery from polluted flue gases concerns a large number of industries that emit waste heat, particularly in the food industry (ovens, frying, cooking, drying), the materials industry (lime, tiles and bricks, insulation, glass) and the metal and mechanical engineering industries (painting lines, smelting, heat treatment).
This study presents the state of the art in flue gas treatment solutions alone, but also in treatment solutions that include heat recovery.The focus is on seven exchanger technologies, the advantages and disadvantages of which have been summarised in technology sheets. Some have already been analysed in previous ALLICE work, while three are the subject of new sheets for in-depth evaluation :
- Exchanger cascade with flue gas treatment
- Glass exchangers for acid gases
- Polymer exchangers for low temperature polluted flue gases
In order to enrich these sheets with data from the actual operation of flue gas treatment systems, the study includes three feedback:
- Flue gas treatment and heat recovery in an oil/natural gas refinery
- Flue gas treatment with heat recovery in the brick industry
- Flue gas treatment with heat recovery in a waste incineration plant
Areas of expertise : Energy Efficiency
Activity : Animation de la filière
Description :
Areas of expertise : Decarbonisation at a glance
Barriers and levers to the deployment of high-temperature heat storage in industry
Category : Resume Published on23/01/2025
Activity : Études pour les adhérents
Description :
In 2021, ALLICE carried out an initial technical study on the heat storage in industry, presenting a state of the art of existing solutions as well as several case studies evaluating the technical feasibility of implementing these solutions. There is interest in thermocline technologies on the part of most thermal storage for solid thermocline technologies. This interest has accelerated the maturity of this technology, which is now on the market with a TRL of 8.
Detailed fact sheets for each of the technologies are included in the study report.
Today, although heat storage projects offer advantages in terms of energy performance, their deployment seems to be running into difficulties. This raises questions about the target market for these solutions and the business models that could accelerate their adoption. Thermal storage capacities deployed in industry remain limited.
The aim of this study is therefore to analyse the conditions necessary for the deployment of heat storage in industry. This includes :
- understanding the current market
- identify the relevant sectors for implementing the technologies;
- identifying the levers and economic models likely to stimulate the deployment of heat storage in industry.
The study focused on industrial applications involving heat storage + high-temperature recovery (above 150°C). Analysis of coupling with a power-to-heat solution was also considered.
Areas of expertise : Energy Efficiency
Activity : Animation de la filière
Description :
Areas of expertise : Decarbonisation at a glance
Activity : Animation de la filière
Description :
Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies
Future availability of Hydrogen
Category : Resume Published on19/12/2024
Activity : Études pour les adhérents
Description :
Worldwide, in 2022, hydrogen consumption was estimated at around 94 million tonnes[1], and its production was still mainly carbon-based, with 81% coming from natural gas or coal.
At a time when the consumption of hydrogen is predicted to rise sharply, particularly in the energy sector (this vector is identified in the France 2030 plan as one of the levers of industrial decarbonisation), the question arises of the availability of more environmentally friendly and sustainable production methods. Indeed, the increase in demand should open up new prospects for the use and decarbonisation of the energy, mobility and housing sectors.
In a context where various projects are emerging to use hydrogen to decarbonise different applications, many uncertainties remain. The production of "green" hydrogen remains limited by the capacity to develop additional renewable energies, and the integration of carbon-based hydrogen is not a virtuous solution for decarbonising industrial processes. Furthermore, the development costs of hydrogen remain uncertain, depending on the still unclear development of renewable energies for its production, as well as of electrolysers and their operating methods, which is holding back players in their projections and investments in this sector.
The objectives of the study are as follows:
Based on a meta-analysis of public studies, the ALLICE study assesses the challenges related to the availability of hydrogen for industrial uses in France by addressing the following questions:
- How should hydrogen uses be prioritised to optimise decarbonisation, and what role should industrial applications play in this? For which uses should hydrogen be prioritised over other alternatives?
- What are the challenges for hydrogen infrastructure development given the uncertainty about the evolution of its uses?
- What future synergies with other countries could be envisaged? What infrastructure would be required?
Among the conclusions of this study:
- There are still a number of uncertainties surrounding the role of hydrogen in industrial applications in France in 2050.
- H2 production should be driven by future demand and decarbonised by electrolysis, although there are still challenges to overcome in this sector, particularly in terms of cost.
- The studies reviewed show significant differences in their projections of demand for H2 for different uses, revealing very different assumptions
- When analysing the mobilisation of H2 in France, it is essential to take account of European issues and the related questions of supply.
- The report provides a critical analysis of the key indicators of the technical and economic competitiveness of hydrogen and its alternatives.
Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies
Benchmark of national aid and schemes in European countries for decarbonising industry
Category : Resume Published on14/11/2024
Activity : Études pour les adhérents
Description :
This study identifies and analyses the subsidies and support schemes for industrial decarbonisation in a selection of seven European countries, a crucial issue in the current climate emergency.
The aim of this work is to answer two key questions:
- What mechanisms are available in the target countries, and how can they be characterised?
- Which specific mechanisms are best suited to different types of industrial actors?
The seven countries selected were chosen from an initial list of eighteen: Austria, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. This choice is based on an in-depth analysis of a number of criteria, such as national political stability, energy costs, the scale of their industrial activity, and the proximity of links with French players.
The scope of the research on programmes was limited to two main categories:
- financial mechanisms, such as investment cost grants, tax deductions, R&D incentives,
- coercive measures, including carbon taxes and energy efficiency legislation.
Only national programmes were included.
A total of 86 programmes were identified, covering different types of financing and decarbonisation levers.
This work has revealed a high degree of convergence in the conditions for participation in these programmes, particularly in the case of call for project type initiatives.
The study concludes by assessing the relevance of selected programmes for five industrial actor profiles representative of ALLICE members. It identifies the key challenges specific to each profile and highlights the most appropriate programmes based on their characteristics and objectives.
Areas of expertise : Business models and financing
Activity : Animation de la filière
Description :
Areas of expertise : Business models and financing
Summary of prospective studies on the availability of and demand for biomass for industrial energy use
Category : Resume Published on22/08/2024
Activity : Études pour les adhérents
Description :
The growing need for biomass to decarbonise the economy raises questions about its availability and competition for use between now and 2050.
On a global scale, biomass consumption for energy purposes is expected to increase sharply (the International Energy Agency, for example, forecasts a 48% increase between 2020 and 2050 in its Net Zero scenario).
This increase will be driven mainly by the need to produce carbon-free electricity and heat and by demand from the industrial sector. In France, although electricity is already largely decarbonised, consumption of heat from combustion and biogas is also expected to increase.
However, bio-resources use much more land than other decarbonisation options, and their limited potential raises a number of key questions:
- What is the best land use trade-off?
- How can biomass be developed while preserving biodiversity and carbon sinks?
- How can we prioritise the use of biomass to meet all our needs and optimise the decarbonisation of our society?
- Quantifying the biomass resource that can be mobilised in 2030 and 2050
- Biomass demand scenarios
- Competition and prioritisation of uses
- Identification of key factors for optimising the use of the resource
Areas of expertise : Integration of alternative energies